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AI data leakage 8 min read

What you can and cannot share with AI

Which data never to put in an AI tool, what is usually fine and a rule of thumb when in doubt. This also applies to meeting assistants, email assistants and transcription tools.

ChatGPT5
Summarise the last 3 support emails from this customer.
Paste the emails or the customer name and I will help turn them into a short summary.
ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

The example above is interactive. Click a highlighted value to see what you can do with it.

Quick answer

Do not put anything into an AI prompt that identifies someone or is confidential: national ID numbers, passwords, bank and credit card details, medical information, customer or patient records, contracts, source code and secrets or tokens. General questions and anonymised or placeholder text are usually fine. The rule of thumb: if you would not email this information to a stranger outside your organisation, it does not belong in an AI chatbot either. Under the GDPR, a prompt counts as processing; it is not a scratchpad.

01

Never share: national IDs, passwords, payment data, medical data, customer and patient records

02

Usually fine: general questions, anonymised text, dummy data and placeholders

03

The rule of thumb: if you would not email it to a stranger, do not put it in a chatbot

04

Under the GDPR, a prompt counts as processing; it is not just a text field

05

Watch out for files and screenshots: they often contain more than you think

A support agent wants a neater version of a complaint and pastes the whole email thread into ChatGPT. At the bottom are a name, an account number, a phone number and an IBAN. The question was useful. The problem is the context that came with it.

That is how an AI data leak usually starts: not with a hack, but with a paste. A short checklist and a rule of thumb prevent most of it.

Why this matters: a prompt counts as processing

To you, an AI chatbot feels like a scratchpad with superpowers. Under the GDPR it is something else: a place where data is processed, possibly stored, remembered, analysed or passed to a connected app. Whatever you type, you hand over to the provider. In a personal or free account, that text may also be used to improve the model, unless you have turned that off.

So the first question is not whether the answer is correct, but which data you put in the prompt and whether it needed to be there.

What you never put in an AI prompt

This data does not belong in a chatbot, not even "just this once":

  • Passwords, PINs and recovery codes. Never share login details with anyone.
  • National ID, passport or licence numbers. Unique numbers that make a person directly identifiable.
  • Bank and credit card details. IBAN, card numbers, CVC.
  • Medical information. Lab results, diagnoses, treatment notes. A chatbot is not bound by the same rules as your doctor.
  • Customer and patient records. Names combined with files, contracts or payment data.
  • Confidential company data. Internal memos, strategy, non-public figures.
  • Source code with secrets. API tokens, keys, configuration with credentials.

The common thread: the more a piece of data makes someone identifiable, or the more confidential it is, the stronger your reason to share it has to be. In practice, that reason almost never exists.

What is usually fine

AI is most useful when you give it the task without the sensitive content:

  • General questions. Explanation, structure, brainstorming, language and tone.
  • Anonymised text. Replace real names with "Customer A", round amounts, drop locations.
  • Dummy data and placeholders. Use name@example.com and Account 0000 instead of the real value.
  • Your own non-confidential work. A blog post, a public text, a draft without personal data.

You often do not need the real data to get the task done. You can improve a sentence in a performance review without the salary or medical context. You can draft a payment email with a placeholder IBAN. Keep the task, leave out the identifying details. More techniques are in the prompt redaction guide.

Watch files and screenshots

Files are the biggest blind spot. A PDF can contain customer names, order numbers, contract parties or retention periods. A phone screenshot can quietly show notifications, email addresses, calendar entries or location data. What you do not see still gets uploaded. So check a file before you put it in an AI tool, or strip out the sensitive parts first.

For a document, that check does not have to rely on your own eyes. Open it in BeeSensible and the sensitive data is highlighted, so you can export a redacted copy instead of the original. It works for screenshots too: the image is read using text recognition. Faces and signatures are not detected; you draw a box over those yourself. If your contracts or client files follow the same layout, PDF after PDF, you can handle them the same way every time.

PreviewAnonymise (4)
The desktop app highlights sensitive fields in a document so you can redact them before you share it or paste it into an AI tool.

The rule of thumb for borderline cases

Not sure? Use these two:

  1. The stranger test. If you would not email this to a stranger outside your organisation, it does not belong in an AI chatbot.
  2. The minimum test. The fewer identifying details, the lower the risk. Leave out what the task does not need.

How to make this visible in the moment

The tricky part is that you often spot a sensitive detail only after you have sent it. A mental checklist helps, but under time pressure something will slip through. Making the risk visible as you type works better.

BeeSensible highlights sensitive data while you write a prompt in browser-based AI tools. You see a coloured highlight on, say, a name, an IBAN or an ID number, and unless your organisation has set otherwise, you decide what to do: mask it with a label like [NAME1], or remove it. The task stays intact and the identifying details come out, all before you send.

Here is what that looks like in a real prompt:

ChatGPT5
Summarise the last 3 support emails from this customer.
Paste the emails or the customer name and I will help turn them into a short summary.
ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.
Hover over or tap a highlighted value to mask or delete it before the draft reaches anyone.

From now on, before you click send, take one look at what is in the text box and remove anything the task does not need. Whether your tool stores your data or uses it for training is explained in our article on ChatGPT and work data and in the overview on AI data leakage.

FAQ

Common questions

Can you put personal data into ChatGPT?

Only with a clear lawful basis, purpose limitation, data minimisation and an approved work environment. In a personal or free account, it is usually unwise to use customer, patient, employee or case data.

What should you truly never share with an AI chatbot?

Passwords, PINs and recovery codes, national ID and passport or licence numbers, bank and credit card details, medical information, confidential company data, source code and secrets or API tokens. These do not belong in a prompt.

Is anonymised data safe to share?

Anonymised or placeholder text is much safer, as long as the person is genuinely no longer identifiable. Replacing a name with 'Customer A' helps, but bear in mind that a combination of details can still identify someone.

Does this apply to files and screenshots too?

Yes, and that is often where it goes wrong. A PDF can contain customer data or retention periods, and a screenshot can quietly show names, email addresses, notifications or calendar entries. Check a file before you upload it.

What is a good rule of thumb for borderline cases?

If you would not email this information to a stranger outside your organisation, it does not belong in an AI chatbot. And the fewer identifying details, the lower the risk.

Portrait of Rens Timmermans from BeeSensible

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